Did you know that if you are experiencing bladder weakness, you are also at greater risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs)? There are many different reasons for this. The symptoms of a UTI are varied (bladder pain and pain when urinating can be indicators). The good news is that UTI treatment is readily available in most cases.
UTIs can happen when harmful bacteria invade the urinary tract. Usually, the infection is caused by our own bacteria ending up where they don’t belong. The most common of these bacteria is E. Coli, which normally lives in the intestine, and can sometimes invade the urinary tract, which is near the rectal area. However, a number of other bacteria can also be responsible.
The most common type of UTI occurs in the lower urinary tract, infecting the urethra and bladder. Highly virulent strains can, if left untreated, spread up to the ureters and kidneys in the upper urinary tract.
Upper UTI symptoms are considerably worse, and may include back pain, nausea and fever. Such a kidney infection is serious and can potentially damage the kidneys or even cause kidney failure. If left untreated it can also lead to urosepsis, which is when the infection enters the bloodstream. This condition requires intensive care.
Any symptoms should be checked out straight away, talk to your GP or pharmacist for medication and advice.
• Painful or a burning sensation when urinating
• Frequent urination and constant urge to urinate
• Small amounts of urine each time
• Traces of blood in the urine
• Dark, cloudy or strong-smelling urine
• Feeling cold, but not usually with a fever
• Sudden urinary incontinence
Some elderly people who suffer from diabetes mellitus or have a low immune response can have very vague and seemingly unrelated UTI symptoms. These can include general weakness, confusion, nausea, dizziness, sudden incontinence, or increased severity of incontinence. In these cases, it is important to know what's normal, in order for speedy diagnosis and treatment.
Having sex can increase the chances of getting a UTI, as bacteria in the anus or vaginal area may be pushed into the urethra during sea and end up in the bladder. Having anal sex may also increase the chances of developing a UTI.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can cause UTI-like symptoms, such as pain during urination. Gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis can also cause an inflammation or the urethra, a condition known as urethritis. Unlike UTIs however, STDs are contagious so make sure you get a proper diagnosis if you're considering having sex.
A UTI isn't an STD, and isn't considered to be contagious. However, the bacteria that causes a UTI may be transferred between partners during sexual intercourse.
UTI symptoms may be painful and discomforting and can be passed on to your partner, we don't recommend you having sex. Doctors usually recommend avoiding sex until the infection has completely cleared up, as having sex may irritate the tissues around the urinary tract and worsen the infection.
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (also referred to as "friendly" bacteria) in the urinary tract is a harmless condition that should not be treated with antibiotics. These bacteria will show no symptoms except for smelly urine in some people. A simple test can check if there is anything going on.
UTIs can affect any person at any age, but certain groups are at greater risk.
The main reason women are more susceptible to UTIs has to do with the female anatomy. The urethra in women is shorter than in men and is located close to the anus, meaning bacteria can more easily invade the urinary tract.
Women's oestrogen levels also decline with age. This can cause the walls of the urinary tract to become thinner and drier. The protective mucous membrane, or mucose, also becomes less acidic which reduces its ability to fight off infection. This is why oestrogen hormone treatment is recommended to prevent UTIs.
Other groups at greater risk of getting a UTI are the elderly, people with diabetes mellitus, persons wearing an indwelling catheter.
Not being able to empty the bladder properly can also increase the risk of a UTI, as bacteria can grow in the remaining urine. Causes for residual urine include constipation, outflow obstruction caused by an enlarged prostate or a prolapse, and spinal cord injury or nerve damage, which interferes with the normal functioning of the urinary tract.
Urinary incontinence can affect anybody at any age, but it is more common when we get older and in connection with other medical conditions. Therefore, it is not unusual for people with urinary incontinence to have additional problems that contribute to a higher risk of UTI. Some examples include not being able to completely empty the bladder, reduced immune defence functions, and chronic illnesses. Bowel incontinence is another factor that increases the risk of infection.
The most important method of UTI prevention is to keep the genital area clean and healthy and able to protect itself against infection. Also, flush out bacteria by staying hydrated. Finally, try to make sure you empty your bladder entirely, since bacteria can thrive in the remaining urine.
