Cystitis is a specific type of urinary tract infection(UTI)that affects the bladder. Cystitis causes inflammation, which can lead to pain, along with other symptoms, which we will delve into in more depth below. Cystitis is caused by bacteria, unlike similar conditions that also affect the bladder such as interstitial cystitis.
Cystitis is quite common, and mild cases will often get better on their own within a few days. But some people suffer from recurrent cystitis, which can require longer term treatment.
Cystitis causes
Cystitis is primarily caused by bacteria, which makes it a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) or bladder infection. There are many ways bacteria can enter the urinary tract or bladder, such as:
Sexual intercourse
Tampons
Catheters
Certain contraceptives (such as diaphragms)
Wiping your bottom after using the toilet (particularly if you wipe back to front)
Women tend to be more prone to cystitis due to their shorter urethra and the proximity of their anus to the urethra, which can mean bacteria finds it easier to enter the urinary tract. This is also the reason why women tend to be at a higher risk of UTIs and bladder infections. Cystitis occurs in men, but it is less common.
Cystitis Symptoms
Cystitis symptoms can be very uncomfortable, painfuland concerning. Some of the main symptoms include:
In older adults, the symptoms of cystitis can be quite different to younger adults, and are much more likely to include:
Confusion and / or agitation. Medical practitioners call this ‘delirium’
New or worsening
A temperature – with or without shivering or shaking
Children with cystitis may also experience additional symptoms such as:
Fever
Vomiting
Reduced appetite
Irritability
Weakness
Cystitis diagnosis
Doctors have several ways to diagnose cystitis. You may be asked to provide a urine sample to determine the cause of your illness and check for UTIs. Your doctor may also use other methods such as:
Imaging tests such as X-rays or ultrasounds – to help rule out issues such as tumours or structural damage.
Cystitis treatment
While in some cases cystitis can get better on its own, you should see a GP if:
You’re pregnant
You’re a man
Symptoms remain after 3 days
You’ve had an antibiotic and your symptoms remain
You have severe symptoms – such as pain in the back or tummy; vomiting; dizziness or confusion; raised temperature.
Children with cystitis symptoms should also be seen by a GP
Cystitis treatment at home is possible if you have a mild case or are used to them. Home treatments include:
Taking over the counter painkillers, such as paracetamol
Placing a hot water bottle on your lower abdomen, back or between your thighs to relieve pain
Staying hydrated
Avoiding sexual intercourse
If you suffer withrecurrent cystitis, you may be prescribed antibiotics or may be prescribed a lower dose of antibiotics to take over a longer period.
Cystitis prevention
While prevention can’t always stop cystitis, it can help reduce the chance of you developing the infection. Some preventative measures you can use are:
Showering instead of bathing (this prevents exposing your genitals to irritating hygiene products for too long)
Using the toilet when you need to urinate and emptying your bladder completely
Wearing cotton underwear instead of synthetics such as nylon
Avoiding tight fitting jeans and trousers
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